![]() ![]() įreifeld BM, Finsterle S, Onstott TC, Toole P, Pratt LM (2008) Ground surface temperature reconstructions: using in situ estimates for thermal conductivity acquired with a fiber-optic distributed thermal perturbation sensor. įörster A, Schrötter J, Merriam DF, Blackwell DD (1997) Application of optical-fiber temperature logging – an example in a sedimentary environment. Retrieved from ĭoig R, Saull VA, Butler RA (1961) A new borehole thermometer. C-Therm Technologies Ltd, Fredericton, p 6. Springer, New York, pp 245–258Ĭ-Therm Technology (2018) Simplifying thermal conductivity (k). īurkhardt H, Honarmend H, Pribnow D (1990) First results of thermal conductivity measurements with a borehole tool for great depths. In: Naeser ND, McCulloh TH (eds) Thermal history of sedimentary basins. Retrieved from īlackwell DD, Steele JL (1989) Thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: measurements and significance. Retrieved from īirch AF, Clark H (1940) The thermal conductivity of rocks and its dependence upon temperature and composition. īenfield AE (1939) Terrestrial heat flow in Great Britain. īeck AE (1957) A steady-state method for the rapid measurement of the thermal conductivity of rocks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 324. īeardsmore GR, Cull JP (2001) Crustal heat flow: a guide to measurement and modeling. In: Proceedings, World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia, 25–29 April 2010. The operating cost benefit arises from reduced pump electricity consumption and increased CHP system efficiency.Antriasian AM (2010) The portable electronic divided bar (PEDB): a tool for measuring thermal conductivity of rock samples. The capital cost benefit comes from being able to either transfer more heat for the same amount of investment or to install smaller diameter pipework. Maximises electric output from steam turbine based systems by allowing a lower condenser pressure. Maximises heat recovery from CHP heat sources such as jacket water or exhaust. More heat can be transferred at the maximum flow rate by using a larger temperature difference. Pipe size limits the capacity of the loop by limiting the maximum flow rate. Increase in the maximum capacity of the loop to deliver heat. A low mass flow rate minimizes the amount of electricity required to pump water around the loop. We could also use a low mass flow rate with a high temperature difference.Ī low mass flow with high temperature difference is optimal and will reduce our capital & operating costs. We could use a high mass flow rate and low temperature difference. Optimization of a hot water loop requires correctly setting the flow rate and temperature. The temperature difference dT is the difference in temperature before and after heat transfer. ![]() The specific heat capacity of water does vary with temperature but for the scope of a hot water loop it is essentially constant. Water is a good fluid choice for cost and safety considerations. We could manipulate the specific heat capacity only by changing the fluid used in the loop. The specific heat capacity Cp is a thermodynamic property specific of the fluid used to transfer heat. The mass flow rate m is a measurement of the amount of water flowing around the hot water loop. Heat = mass flow * specific heat capacity * temperature difference ![]()
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